Latest Data: 2020
This page reviews the areas that respondent organisations to the 2020 Profiling the Profession survey work in and how this information, plus the number of archaeologists they employ, is used to estimate the size of the archaeological sector in the UK.
Highlights
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Composition of respondents
This data comes from the responses by organisations, see the 2020 methods page for more details on how the data was gathered. 158 organisations answered the question on the type of work they undertook. 50 of the organisations only undertook work in a single category, from the choices provided. 108 organisations under took work in multiple areas and one did not respond to this question. For principal roles, organisations were categorised by plurality, that is the category with the highest reported number, which is not always an absolute majority.
Table 1.1.1: Organisation roles for 2019-20.
| Percentage of work | Contractor | Local Heritage Management | Consultancy | National Heritage Agency | Museum or Heritage / Cultural Attraction | Academia | Public Archaeology | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % | |
| 1-10% | 6 | 9% | 9 | 14% | 23 | 33% | 9 | 47% | 10 | 26% | 21 | 60% | 56 | 60% |
| 11-20% | 6 | 9% | 3 | 5% | 11 | 16% | 4 | 21% | 6 | 15% | 3 | 9% | 18 | 19% |
| 21-30% | 1 | 1% | 3 | 5% | 6 | 9% | 2 | 11% | 3 | 8% | 2 | 6% | 8 | 9% |
| 31-40% | 4 | 6% | 2 | 3% | 1 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 2 | 5% | 3 | 9% | 3 | 3% |
| 41-50% | 6 | 9% | 1 | 2% | 5 | 7% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| 51-60% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 2% | 1 | 1% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 3% | 1 | 1% |
| 61-70% | 9 | 13% | 5 | 8% | 5 | 7% | 1 | 5% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% |
| 71-80% | 10 | 15% | 11 | 17% | 3 | 4% | 2 | 11% | 3 | 8% | 0 | 0% | 2 | 2% |
| 81-90% | 13 | 19% | 4 | 6% | 2 | 3% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 3% | 0 | 0% | 4 | 4% |
| 91-100% | 12 | 18% | 25 | 39% | 13 | 19% | 1 | 5% | 14 | 36% | 4 | 11% | 1 | 1% |
| Classified as principal role | 46 | 48 | 24 | 4 | 20 | 7 | 9 | |||||||
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This is a change from the categories collected in previous Profiling the Profession projects. Table 1.1.2 contains the legacy, non-comparable, data:
Table 1.1.2: Organisation principal roles from 2002 to 2013.
| Organisation Principal Role | 2002-03 | 2007-08 | 2012-13 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Percentage | Count | Percentage | Count | Percentage | |
| Field investigation and research services | 76 | 33% | 46 | 19% | 66 | 28% |
| Historic environment advice and information services | 95 | 41% | 135 | 56% | 67 | 29% |
| Museum and visitor / user services | 45 | 19% | 35 | 14% | 4 | 2% |
| Educational and academic research services | 16 | 7% | 26 | 11% | 21 | 9% |
| Other / mixed / Public Archaeology | 0% | 0% | 76 | 32% | ||
| Total | 232 | 100% | 242 | 100% | 234 | 100% |
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Estimated sector size (full-time equivalents)
See the 2020 Methods page for a discussion of how this number was reached. Key takeaways are:
- These results are full-time equivalents (FTE), which calculates workers based on hours worked e.g. two members of staff working 50% of full-time each would equal one full-time equivalent person (0.5 + 0.5 = 1). This means that the actually number of individual archaeologists working is higher.
- This is not an exact number as some sub-sectors are based on estimates. For example, we estimate 500 self-employed archaeologists working in development-led archaeology. Of that, we have had responses from other surveys or have the contact details of at least 250 so the number cannot be lower than that but the actual number might be higher than 500, or between 250 and 500. The Methods section describes this uncertainty in more detail.
Based on these sub-sector by sub-sector estimates and counts we estimate that there were 6,300 archaeologists FTE working in the UK in March of 2020 (Table 1.1.3). We have rounded all estimates to the nearest 25 to illustrate the uncertainty.
Table 1.1.3: Estimated total and sub-sector sizes of UK Archaeology, March 2020, FTE
| Contractor & consultant | Local Heritage Management | National Heritage Agency | Museum or Heritage/Culutral Attraction | Academia | Public Archaeology | Totals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Responded to survey | 2209.1 | 205.4 | 215.25 | 60.32 | 52.94 | 169.43 | 2912.44 |
| Estimated non-respondent | 2165.9 | 169.6 | 59.75 | 114.68 | 797.06 | 80.57 | 3387.56 |
| Total (rounded to nearest 25) | 4375 | 375 | 275 | 175 | 850 | 250 | 6300 |
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Estimated sector size (full person)
Employers reported that 16% of their staff were part-time (see contract type section). Some of those individuals will only work for one employer but some will work for multiple employers. This is why data is collected by full-time equivalents – a person working part-time for one employer and part-time for another would still only equal 1 with FTE. Out of individual responses to the survey a total of five percent entered in data for more than one archaeology employer (includes people who are part-time self employed too). This means that of the 11% FTE of archaeologists that are part-time and not working for multiple employers, might represent multiple persons. Data was not collected on the exact composition of part-time work making any estimate guess work. Assuming each part-time FTE, not working for multiple employers, represents two people working 0.5 FTE each, then the estimate total number of individuals working in archaeology would be 7,000 (11% x 6,300 = 693, rounded to nearest 25 = 700. 6,300 + 700 = 7,000).
Growth in the Sector
Overall, respondents reported that they employed more staff than they had one year before (in March 2019) (Table 1.1.5). However, this cannot be assumed to represent a figure that can be extrapolated across the whole sector, as this is limited to organisations that provided data for both 2019 and 2020 (not all respondents did, which is why totals in tables such as 1.1.3 and 1.1.5 are different), and this is not necessarily organic growth – if it includes staff increases through mergers and acquisitions, this does not represent absolute growth in the size of the workforce. This growth follows the general trend in UK archaeological employment. Table 1.1.4 is a list of all the known estimates of the size of the profession for various years since 1922.
*warning Y-axis is not constant but by year that there were data
Table 1.1.4: Estimated total size of the UK Archaeology Sector between 1922-2020.
| Year | Number of professional archaeologists working in UK | Source | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1922 | 24 | Wheeler, R.E.M. 1957. Anniversary address, The Antiquaries Journal 37, 121‐130. | |
| 1925 | 30 | Myres, J.N.L. 1975. Anniversary address, The Antiquaries Journal 55, 1‐10. | |
| 1930 | 40 | Jones, B. 1984. Past Imperfect: the story of rescue archaeology. London: Heinemann. | |
| 1952 | 117 | Kenyon, K.M. 1952. Beginning in Archaeology (Appendix IV) . London: Phoenix House. | |
| 1973 | 200 | Thomas, C. 1974. ‘Archaeology in Britain 1973’ in P A Rahtz Rescue Archaeology, 3‐15. Harmondsworth: Penguin. | |
| 1975 | 632 | Bishop, J. 1975. Opportunities for Archaeologists. Hertford: RESCUE. | |
| 1977 | 1221 | Dennis, G. (1979) Rescue funding – a national survey, RESCUE News 17, 1‐2. | Rescue’ archaeologists only, excludes Northern Ireland |
| 1978 | 1594 | Dennis, G. (1979) Rescue funding – a national survey, RESCUE News 17, 1‐2. | Rescue’ archaeologists only, excludes Northern Ireland |
| 1979 | 1614 | Dennis, G. (1979) Rescue funding – a national survey, RESCUE News 17, 1‐2. | Rescue’ archaeologists only, excludes Northern Ireland |
| 1987 | 2900 | Plouviez, J. 1988. Current funding and structure in British archaeology: a preliminary report, RESCUE News 44, 1, 8. | Rescue’ archaeologists only, excludes Northern Ireland |
| 1991 | 2200 | Spoerry, P. 1992. The Structure and Funding of British Archaeology: the RESCUE questionnaire 1990‐91. Hertford: RESCUE. | Rescue’ archaeologists only, excludes Northern Ireland |
| 1996 | 2100 | Spoerry, P. 1997. The RESCUE survey 1996: some preliminary results, RESCUE News 72, 6‐ 7. | Rescue’ archaeologists only, excludes Northern Ireland |
| 1998 | 4425 | Aitchison, K. 1999. Profiling the Profession: a survey of archaeological jobs in the UK. York, London & Reading: Council for British Archaeology, English Heritage & Institute of Field Archaeologists. http://www.discoveringarchaeologists. eu/national_reports/Profiling_the_Profession_1997‐8.pdf | |
| 2002 | 5712 | Aitchison, K. & Edwards, R. 2003. Archaeology Labour Market Intelligence: Profiling the Profession 2002/03. Bradford: CHNTO. http://www.discoveringarchaeologists. eu/national_reports/Profiling_the_Profession_2002‐3.pdf | |
| 2007 | 6865 | Aitchison, K. & Edwards, R. 2008. Archaeology Labour Market Intelligence: Profiling the Profession 2007‐08. Reading: Institute for Archaeologists. http://www.discoveringarchaeologists. eu/national_reports/Profiling_the_Profession_2007‐8.pdf | |
| 2008 | 6383 | Aitchison, K. 2015. State of the Archaeological Market 2014 | Figures were revised to account for 2012 Profiling the Profession |
| 2009 | 5875 | Aitchison, K. 2015. State of the Archaeological Market 2014 | Figures were revised to account for 2012 Profiling the Profession. Average of four reports |
| 2010 | 5695 | Aitchison, K. 2015. State of the Archaeological Market 2014 | Figures were revised to account for 2012 Profiling the Profession. Average of four reports |
| 2011 | 5403 | Aitchison, K. 2015. State of the Archaeological Market 2014 | Figures were revised to account for 2012 Profiling the Profession. Average of three reports |
| 2012 | 4792 | Aitchison, Kenneth, and D. Rocks-Macqueen. Archaeology labour market intelligence: profiling the profession. Landward Research, London (2013). | |
| 2014 | 4828 | State of the Archaeological Market 2020 | State of the Archaeological Market – revised in the 2020 report |
| 2015 | 5284 | State of the Archaeological Market 2020 | State of the Archaeological Market – revised in the 2020 report |
| 2016 | 5461 | State of the Archaeological Market 2020 | State of the Archaeological Market – revised in the 2020 report |
| 2017 | 5738 | State of the Archaeological Market 2020 | State of the Archaeological Market – revised in the 2020 report |
| 2018 | 6017 | State of the Archaeological Market 2020 | State of the Archaeological Market – revised in the 2020 report |
| 2019 | 6195 | State of the Archaeological Market 2020 | State of the Archaeological Market – revised in the 2020 report |
| 2020 | 6300 | This report |
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Size of the Sector Compared to Other UK Sectors
Archaeological employment is not tracked by the Office for National Statistics. However, the ONS does track many other industries. The data from 2019 – the most recent version available – shows that, if it had been included in this table, archaeology would have ranked joint 292nd of 699 industries tracked by the ONS. This means that archaeology employs more people in the UK than 42% of sectors. This is based on the estimate of 7,000 full persons working in archaeology (7.0 in table 1.1.5).
Caution – the accuracy of the ONS numbers are variable and they estimate in some sectors they could be off by as much as 20%+-.
Table 1.1.5: Archaeology compared to other sectors employment using SIC 2007 classifications – full person. Includes self-employed and employees.
| Sector | All Employed 1,000s |
|---|---|
| Deep coal mines | 0.1 |
| Manufacture of articles of fur | 0.1 |
| Manufacture of assembled parquet floors | 0.1 |
| Cold rolling of narrow strip | 0.1 |
| Manufacture of magnetic and optical media | 0.1 |
| Manufacture of tobacco products | 0.2 |
| Manufacture of leather clothes | 0.2 |
| Manufacture of men’s underwear | 0.2 |
| Reproduction of video recording | 0.2 |
| Manufacture of ceramic insulators and insulating fittings | 0.2 |
| Dismantling of wrecks | 0.2 |
| Inland freight water transport | 0.2 |
| Operation of warehousing and storage facilities for air transport activities of division 51 | 0.2 |
| Operation of rail freight terminals | 0.2 |
| Activities of construction holding companies | 0.2 |
| Renting of video tapes and disks | 0.2 |
| Renting and leasing of freight air transport equipment | 0.2 |
| Furnace and chimney cleaning services | 0.2 |
| Extraction of natural gas | 0.3 |
| Reproduction of computer media | 0.3 |
| Manufacture of cutlery | 0.3 |
| Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy | 0.3 |
| Seed processing for propagation | 0.4 |
| Freshwater fishing | 0.4 |
| Extraction of salt | 0.4 |
| Manufacture of fibre cement | 0.4 |
| Cold drawing of bars | 0.4 |
| Cold drawing of wire | 0.4 |
| Wholesale of hides; skins and leather | 0.4 |
| Video distribution activities | 0.4 |
| Activities of production holding companies | 0.4 |
| Activities of distribution holding companies | 0.4 |
| Manufacture of margarine and similar edible fats | 0.5 |
| Manufacture of women’s underwear | 0.5 |
| Manufacture of knitted and crocheted hosiery | 0.5 |
| Manufacture of man-made fibres | 0.5 |
| Manufacture of mortars | 0.5 |
| Manufacture of watches and clocks | 0.5 |
| Operation of bus and coach passenger facilities at bus and coach stations | 0.5 |
| Manufacture of starches and starch products | 0.6 |
| Manufacture of synthetic rubber in primary forms | 0.6 |
| Manufacture of ceramic sanitary fixtures | 0.6 |
| Manufacture of lime and plaster | 0.6 |
| Cargo handling for land transport activities of division 49 | 0.6 |
| Activities of financial services holding companies | 0.6 |
| Renting and leasing of freight water transport equipment | 0.6 |
| Manufacture of macaroni; noodles; couscous and similar farinaceous products | 0.7 |
| Tanning and dressing of leather; dressing and dyeing of fur | 0.7 |
| Manufacture of other technical ceramic products | 0.7 |
| Manufacture of power-driven hand tools | 0.7 |
| Manufacture of gas | 0.7 |
| Construction of bridges and tunnels | 0.7 |
| Life reinsurance | 0.7 |
| Renting and leasing of passenger water transport equipment | 0.7 |
| Reproduction of sound recording | 0.8 |
| Manufacture of explosives | 0.8 |
| Manufacture of ceramic tiles and flags | 0.8 |
| Manufacture of other ceramic products n.e.c. | 0.8 |
| Lead; zinc and tin production | 0.8 |
| Manufacture of professional and arcade games and toys | 0.8 |
| Retail sale of telecommunications equipment (other than mobile phones) n.e.c.; in specialised stores | 0.8 |
| Motion picture; television and other theatrical casting activities | 0.8 |
| Support activities for other mining and quarrying | 0.9 |
| Manufacture of fruit and vegetable juice | 0.9 |
| Manufacture of non-wovens and articles made from non-wovens; except apparel | 0.9 |
| Steam and air conditioning supply | 0.9 |
| Manufacture of wallpaper | 1 |
| Printing of newspapers | 1 |
| Manufacture of flat glass | 1 |
| Manufacture of steel drums and similar containers | 1 |
| Manufacture of photographic and cinematographic equipment | 1 |
| Wholesale of machinery for the textile industry and of sewing and knitting machines | 1 |
| Manufacture of other articles of concrete; plaster and cement | 1.1 |
| Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard production | 1.1 |
| Manufacture of musical instruments | 1.1 |
| Wholesale of live animals | 1.1 |
| Wholesale of musical instruments | 1.1 |
| Retail sale via stalls and markets of textiles; clothing and footwear | 1.1 |
| Publishing of directories and mailing lists | 1.1 |
| Non-life reinsurance | 1.1 |
| Renting and leasing of media entertainment equipment | 1.1 |
| Freshwater aquaculture | 1.2 |
| Manufacture of homogenized food preparations and dietetic food | 1.2 |
| Manufacture of cordage; rope; twine and netting | 1.2 |
| Manufacture of cement | 1.2 |
| Manufacture of machinery for textile; apparel and leather production | 1.2 |
| Manufacture of brooms and brushes | 1.2 |
| Operation of warehousing and storage facilities for water transport activities of division 50 | 1.2 |
| Activities of tourist guides | 1.2 |
| Post-harvest crop activities | 1.3 |
| Open cast coal working | 1.3 |
| Manufacture of wine from grape | 1.3 |
| Manufacture of other carpets and rugs | 1.3 |
| Manufacture of other transport equipment n.e.c. | 1.3 |
| Manufacture of malt | 1.4 |
| Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics | 1.4 |
| Manufacture of fibre optic cables | 1.4 |
| Activities of other holding companies n.e.c. | 1.4 |
| Activities of real estate investment trusts | 1.4 |
| Renting and leasing of passenger air transport equipment | 1.4 |
| Collection of hazardous waste | 1.5 |
| Other mining and quarrying n.e.c. | 1.6 |
| Manufacture of sugar | 1.6 |
| Production of abrasive products | 1.6 |
| Casting of steel | 1.6 |
| Hunting; trapping and related service activities | 1.7 |
| Manufacture of oils and fats | 1.7 |
| Copper production | 1.7 |
| Manufacture of motorcycles | 1.7 |
| Television programme distribution activities | 1.7 |
| Activities of venture and development capital companies | 1.7 |
| Manufacture of non-electronic industrial process control equipment | 1.8 |
| Inland passenger water transport | 1.8 |
| Logging | 1.9 |
| Manufacture of other knitted and crocheted apparel | 1.9 |
| Construction of water projects | 1.9 |
| Renting and leasing of agricultural machinery and equipment | 1.9 |
| Manufacture of cider and other fruit wines | 2 |
| Manufacture of steam generators; except central heating hot water boilers | 2 |
| Transport via pipeline | 2.1 |
| Freight air transport | 2.1 |
| Other treatment of petroleum products (excluding petrochemicals manufacture) | 2.2 |
| Manufacture and processing of other glass; including technical glassware | 2.2 |
| Casting of other non-ferrous metals | 2.2 |
| Repair of footwear and leather goods | 2.2 |
| Repair of watches; clocks and jewellery | 2.2 |
| Preparation and spinning of textile fibres | 2.3 |
| Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds | 2.3 |
| Manufacture of printing ink | 2.3 |
| Manufacture of plaster products for construction purposes | 2.3 |
| Cargo handling for water transport activities of division 50 | 2.3 |
| Factoring | 2.3 |
| Marine aquaculture | 2.4 |
| Manufacture of woven or tufted carpets and rug | 2.4 |
| Manufacture of glues | 2.4 |
| Cold forming or folding | 2.4 |
| Manufacture of bicycles and invalid carriages | 2.4 |
| Manufacture of other textiles n.e.c. | 2.5 |
| Manufacture of electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles and their engines | 2.5 |
| Retail sale of audio and video equipment in specialised stores | 2.5 |
| Publishing of computer games | 2.5 |
| Computer facilities management activities | 2.5 |
| Activities of racehorse owners | 2.5 |
| Tea processing | 2.6 |
| Manufacture of glass fibres | 2.6 |
| Manufacture of refractory products | 2.6 |
| Manufacture of batteries and accumulators | 2.6 |
| Manufacture of ovens; furnaces and furnace burners | 2.6 |
| Manufacture of plastics and rubber machinery | 2.6 |
| Publishing of learned journals | 2.6 |
| Holiday and other collective accommodation | 2.7 |
| Manufacture of non-electric domestic appliances | 2.8 |
| Test drilling and boring | 2.8 |
| Retail sale of musical instruments and scores | 2.8 |
| Manufacture of workwear | 2.9 |
| Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products | 2.9 |
| Other non-ferrous metal production | 2.9 |
| Manufacture of equipment for concrete crushing and screening and roadworks | 2.9 |
| Agents involved in the sale of furniture; household goods; hardware and ironmongery | 2.9 |
| Operation of rail passenger facilities at railway stations | 2.9 |
| Other specialist photography | 2.9 |
| Manufacture of dyes and pigments | 3 |
| Wholesale of tobacco products | 3 |
| Manufacture of other men’s outerwear | 3.1 |
| Manufacture of essential oils | 3.1 |
| Manufacture of compressors | 3.1 |
| Transmission of electricity | 3.1 |
| Wholesale of gramophone records; audio tapes; compact discs and video tapes and of the equipment on which these are played | 3.1 |
| Manufacture of other milk products | 3.2 |
| Production of coffee and coffee substitutes | 3.2 |
| Manufacture of industrial gases | 3.2 |
| Manufacture of wiring devices | 3.2 |
| Manufacture of military fighting vehicles | 3.2 |
| Investigation activities | 3.2 |
| Manufacture of non-electronic instruments and appliances for measuring; checking; testing; navigation and other purposes; except industrial process control equipment | 3.3 |
| Retail sale via stalls and markets of other goods | 3.3 |
| Manufacture of other games and toys; n.e.c. | 3.4 |
| Activities of mortgage finance companies | 3.4 |
| Library and archives activities | 3.4 |
| Manufacture of paper stationery | 3.5 |
| Binding and related services | 3.5 |
| Wholesale of office furniture | 3.5 |
| Retail sale of fish; crustaceans and molluscs in specialised stores | 3.5 |
| Portrait photographic activities | 3.5 |
| Activities of credit bureaus | 3.5 |
| Repair of consumer electronics | 3.5 |
| Casting of iron | 3.6 |
| Manufacture of machinery for mining | 3.6 |
| Other credit granting n.e.c. | 3.6 |
| Film processing | 3.6 |
| Manufacture of luggage; handbags and the like; saddlery and harness | 3.7 |
| Manufacture of corrugated paper and paperboard; sacks and bags | 3.7 |
| Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment) | 3.7 |
| Activities of open-ended investment companies | 3.7 |
| Manufacture of canvas goods; sacks; etc. | 3.8 |
| Manufacture of printed labels | 3.9 |
| Support services to forestry | 4 |
| Manufacture of rubber tyres and tubes; retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres | 4 |
| Aluminium production | 4 |
| Manufacture of caravans | 4 |
| Agents involved in the sale of agricultural raw materials; live animals; textile raw materials and semi-finished goods | 4 |
| Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals | 4.1 |
| Retail sale of hearing aids | 4.1 |
| Renting and leasing of office machinery and equipment (including computers) | 4.1 |
| Activities of political organisations | 4.1 |
| Repair of personal and household goods n.e.c. | 4.1 |
| Manufacture of other tanks; reservoirs and containers of metal | 4.2 |
| Manufacture of electronic industrial process control equipment | 4.2 |
| Manufacture of other machine tools n.e.c. | 4.2 |
| Renting and leasing of recreational and sports goods | 4.3 |
| Repair of furniture and home furnishings | 4.4 |
| Farm animal boarding and care | 4.6 |
| Manufacture of bricks; tiles and construction products; in baked clay | 4.6 |
| Agents involved in the sale of fuels; ores; metals and industrial chemicals | 4.6 |
| Wholesale of coffee; tea; cocoa and spices | 4.6 |
| Retail sale of music and video recordings in specialised stores | 4.6 |
| Grain milling | 4.7 |
| Manufacture of central heating radiators and boilers | 4.7 |
| Repair of electronic and optical equipment | 4.7 |
| Sea and coastal freight water transport | 4.7 |
| Other building and industrial cleaning activities | 4.7 |
| Manufacture of cleaning and polishing preparations | 4.8 |
| Manufacture of consumer electronics | 4.8 |
| Manufacture of optical precision instruments | 4.8 |
| Manufacture of footwear | 4.9 |
| Repair of other equipment | 4.9 |
| Agents involved in the sale of a variety of goods | 4.9 |
| Manufacture of ice cream | 5 |
| Manufacture of breakfast cereals and cereals-based food | 5 |
| Manufacture of veneer sheets and wood-based panels | 5 |
| Manufacture of fasteners and screw machine products | 5 |
| Construction of utility projects for fluids | 5 |
| Manufacture of other technical and industrial textiles | 5.1 |
| Manufacture of ceramic household and ornamental articles | 5.1 |
| Manufacture of jewellery and related articles | 5.1 |
| Wholesale of china and glassware and cleaning materials | 5.1 |
| Retail sale via stalls and markets of food; beverages and tobacco products | 5.1 |
| Other support activities for animal production | 5.2 |
| Manufacture of light metal packaging | 5.2 |
| Agents involved in the sale of food; beverages and tobacco | 5.2 |
| Motion picture distribution activities | 5.2 |
| Leasing of intellectual property and similar products; except copyrighted works | 5.2 |
| Manufacture of hollow glass | 5.3 |
| Driving school activities | 5.3 |
| Manufacture of other wearing apparel and accessories n.e.c. | 5.4 |
| Financial leasing | 5.4 |
| Administration of financial markets | 5.4 |
| Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products | 5.5 |
| Manufacture of metal working machine tools | 5.5 |
| Manufacture of sports goods | 5.5 |
| Wholesale of watches and jewellery | 5.6 |
| Casting of light metals | 5.7 |
| Manufacture of communication equipment | 5.7 |
| Disinfecting and exterminating services | 5.7 |
| Weaving of textiles | 5.8 |
| Manufacture of irradiation; electromedical and electrotherapeutic equipment | 5.8 |
| Retail sale of antiques; including antique books; in stores | 5.8 |
| Activities of investment trusts | 5.8 |
| Manufacture of locks and hinges | 5.9 |
| Wholesale of flowers and plants | 5.9 |
| Freight rail transport | 5.9 |
| Manufacture of household and sanitary goods and of toilet requisites | 6 |
| Retail sale of medical and orthopaedic goods in specialised stores n.e.c. | 6 |
| Manufacture of prepared pet foods | 6.1 |
| Manufacture of ready-mixed concrete | 6.1 |
| Agents involved in the sale of timber and building materials | 6.1 |
| Translation and interpretation activities | 6.1 |
| Manufacture of soap and detergents | 6.2 |
| Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. | 6.2 |
| Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock | 6.2 |
| Wholesale of fruit and vegetable juices; mineral water and soft drinks | 6.2 |
| Cargo handling for air transport activities of division 51 | 6.2 |
| Repair of communication equipment | 6.2 |
| Butter and cheese production | 6.3 |
| Manufacture of other products of wood; manufacture of articles of cork; straw and plaiting materials | 6.3 |
| Retail sale of tobacco products in specialised stores | 6.3 |
| Other treatment of petroleum products | 6.4 |
| Manufacture of machinery for food; beverage and tobacco processing | 6.4 |
| Manufacture of wooden containers | 6.5 |
| Repair of fabricated metal products | 6.5 |
| Tax consultancy | 6.5 |
| Repair of household appliances and home and garden equipment | 6.5 |
| Manufacture of sugar confectionery | 6.6 |
| Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment | 6.6 |
| Manufacture of tubes; pipes; hollow profiles and related fittings; of steel | 6.7 |
| Marine fishing | 6.8 |
| Manufacture of trailers and semi-trailers | 6.8 |
| Retail sale of leather goods in specialised stores | 6.8 |
| Manufacture of electric domestic appliances | 6.9 |
| Repair of electrical equipment | 6.9 |
| Letting and operating of conference and exhibition centres | 6.9 |
| Archaeology | 7 |
| Treatment and disposal of hazardous waste | 7 |
| Manufacture of wire products; chain and springs | 7.1 |
| Manufacture of household textiles | 7.2 |
| Manufacture of machinery for mining; quarrying and construction | 7.2 |
| Agents involved in the sale of textiles; clothing; fur; footwear and leather goods | 7.2 |
| Pre-press and pre-media services | 7.3 |
| Manufacture of mattresses | 7.3 |
| Manufacture of other electronic and electric wires and cables | 7.4 |
| Sea and coastal passenger water transport | 7.4 |
| Sawmilling and planing of wood | 7.5 |
| Remediation activities and other waste management services | 7.5 |
| Manufacture of other organic basic chemicals | 7.6 |
| Manufacture of fluid power equipment | 7.7 |
| Manufacture of loaded electronic boards | 7.8 |
| Manufacture of bodies (coachwork) for motor vehicles (except caravans) | 7.8 |
| Wholesale of grain; unmanufactured tobacco; seeds and animal feeds | 7.8 |
| Retail sale in commercial art galleries | 7.8 |
| Renting and leasing of other personal and household goods n.e.c. | 7.8 |
| Demolition | 7.9 |
| Photographic activities not elsewhere classified | 8 |
| Manufacture of bearings; gears; gearing and driving elements | 8.1 |
| Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities | 8.2 |
| Cultural education | 8.2 |
| Manufacture of taps and valves | 8.3 |
| Repair and maintenance of ships and boats | 8.3 |
| Wholesale of mining; construction and civil engineering machinery | 8.3 |
| Non-scheduled passenger air transport | 8.3 |
| Agents involved in the sale of machinery; industrial equipment; ships and aircraft | 8.4 |
| Processing and preserving of potatoes | 8.5 |
| Cutting; shaping and finishing of stone | 8.5 |
| Manufacture of telegraph and telephone apparatus and equipment | 8.5 |
| Manufacture of prepared feeds for farm animals | 8.6 |
| Manufacture of other articles of paper and paperboard | 8.6 |
| Wholesale of other fuels and related products | 8.6 |
| Operation of gravel and sand pits; mining of clays and kaolin | 8.7 |
| Manufacture of condiments and seasonings | 8.7 |
| Trade of electricity | 8.7 |
| Other reservation service and related activities (not including activities of tourist guides) | 8.7 |
| Quarrying of ornamental and building stone; limestone; gypsum; chalk and slate | 8.8 |
| News agency activities | 8.9 |
| Renting and leasing of trucks | 8.9 |
| Video production activities | 9 |
| Liquid milk and cream production | 9.1 |
| Manufacture of plastics in primary forms | 9.1 |
| Wholesale of machine tools | 9.1 |
| Manufacture of pumps | 9.3 |
| Activities of trade unions | 9.5 |
| Sound recording and music publishing activities | 9.7 |
| Window cleaning services | 9.7 |
| Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery n.e.c. | 9.8 |
| Glazing | 9.9 |
| Wholesale of sugar and chocolate and sugar confectionery | 9.9 |
| Building of pleasure and sporting boats | 10 |
| Retail sale of textiles in specialised stores | 10.3 |
| Motion picture; video and television programme post-production activities | 10.3 |
| Manufacture of other electrical equipment | 10.4 |
| Manufacture of paints; varnishes and similar coatings; mastics and sealants | 10.5 |
| Manufacture of electric motors; generators and transformers | 10.5 |
| Manufacture of cocoa and chocolate confectionery | 10.6 |
| Security dealing on own account | 10.7 |
| Physical well-being activities | 10.7 |
| Distilling; rectifying and blending of spirits | 10.8 |
| Sale; maintenance and repair of motorcycles and related parts and accessories | 10.9 |
| Shaping and processing of flat glass | 11 |
| Satellite telecommunications activities | 11 |
| Specialised cleaning services | 11 |
| Other postal and courier activities (licensed carriers) | 11.1 |
| Finishing of textiles | 11.2 |
| Manufacture of other women’s outerwear | 11.2 |
| Photocopying; document preparation and other specialised office support activities | 11.2 |
| Wholesale of waste and scrap | 11.3 |
| Retail sale of games and toys in specialised stores | 11.5 |
| Other accommodation | 11.6 |
| Silviculture and other forestry activities | 11.7 |
| Urban planning and landscape architectural activities | 11.7 |
| Barristers at law | 11.8 |
| Wired telecommunications activities | 12.1 |
| Manufacture of weapons and ammunition | 12.3 |
| Support activities to performing arts | 12.5 |
| Manufacture of tools | 12.6 |
| Manufacture of electric lighting equipment | 12.7 |
| Other information service activities n.e.c. | 12.8 |
| Manufacture of other chemical products n.e.c. | 12.9 |
| Extraction of crude petroleum | 13 |
| Manufacture of electricity distribution and control apparatus | 13 |
| Plastering | 13 |
| Wholesale of petroleum and petroleum products | 13 |
| Activities of exhibition and fair organisers | 13 |
| Repair and maintenance of other transport equipment n.e.c. | 13.2 |
| Retail sale of computers; peripheral units and software in specialised stores | 13.3 |
| Activities of business and employers membership organisations | 13.3 |
| Wholesale of dairy products; eggs and edible oils and fats | 13.5 |
| Retail sale of fruit and vegetables in specialised stores | 13.5 |
| Support activities for crop production | 13.6 |
| Radio broadcasting | 13.6 |
| Research and experimental development on biotechnology | 13.6 |
| Environmental consulting activities | 13.6 |
| Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other bottled waters | 13.7 |
| Construction of utility projects for electricity and telecommunications | 13.7 |
| Activities of collection agencies | 13.7 |
| Wholesale of textiles | 13.8 |
| Manufacture of electronic components | 13.9 |
| Other software publishing | 13.9 |
| Security systems service activities | 14.1 |
| Activities of conference organisers | 14.1 |
| Retail sale of books in specialised stores | 14.4 |
| Ready-made interactive leisure and entertainment software development | 14.4 |
| Web portals | 14.8 |
| Sale of other new motor vehicles | 15 |
| Risk and damage evaluation | 15 |
| Construction of railways and underground railways | 15.1 |
| Processing and preserving of fish; crustaceans and molluscs | 15.2 |
| Manufacture of other rubber products | 15.2 |
| Manufacture of perfumes and toilet preparations | 15.4 |
| Distribution of gaseous fuels through mains | 15.6 |
| Manufacture of concrete products for construction purposes | 15.8 |
| Agents specializing in the sale of particular products or ranges of products n.e.c. | 15.9 |
| Forging; pressing; stamping and roll-forming of metal; powder metallurgy | 16.1 |
| Manufacture of engines and turbines; except aircraft; vehicle and cycle engines | 16.1 |
| Manufacture of soft furnishings | 16.3 |
| Retail sale of mobile telephones | 16.4 |
| Manufacture of beer | 16.6 |
| Buying and selling of own real estate | 16.6 |
| Post-graduate level higher education | 16.7 |
| Wholesale of other food; including fish; crustaceans and molluscs | 17 |
| Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction | 17.1 |
| Manufacture of doors and windows of metal | 17.4 |
| Other holiday and other collective accommodation | 18 |
| Wholesale of other office machinery and equipment | 18.1 |
| Removal services | 18.2 |
| Wholesale of furniture; carpets and lighting equipment | 18.3 |
| Quantity surveying activities | 18.4 |
| Activities of amusement parks and theme parks | 18.5 |
| Wholesale of chemical products | 18.6 |
| Wholesale of other intermediate products | 18.7 |
| Media representation services | 18.7 |
| Wholesale of agricultural machinery; equipment and supplies | 18.8 |
| Retail sale of carpets; rugs; wall and floor coverings in specialised stores | 19.4 |
| Operation of historical sites and buildings and similar visitor attractions | 19.4 |
| Manufacture of office and shop furniture | 19.5 |
| Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment | 19.6 |
| Urban and suburban passenger railway transportation by underground; metro and similar systems | 19.6 |
| Site preparation | 19.8 |
| Treatment and coating of metals | 20.3 |
| Retail sale of beverages in specialised stores | 20.3 |
| Other retail sale not in stores; stalls or markets | 20.5 |
| Manufacture of kitchen furniture | 20.7 |
| Human resources provision and management of human resources functions | 20.7 |
| Sewerage | 21 |
| Other manufacturing n.e.c. | 21.1 |
| Manufacture of other paper and paperboard containers | 21.3 |
| Repair and maintenance of aircraft and spacecraft | 21.4 |
| Floor and wall covering | 21.4 |
| Publishing of newspapers | 21.4 |
| Processing and preserving of fruit and vegetables n.e.c. | 21.6 |
| Manufacture of non-domestic cooling and ventilation equipment | 21.6 |
| Recovery of sorted materials | 21.7 |
| Manufacture of plastic packing goods | 21.8 |
| Operation of arts facilities | 21.9 |
| Manufacture of rusks and biscuits; manufacture of preserved pastry goods and cakes | 22.1 |
| Other publishing activities | 22.1 |
| Motion picture projection activities | 22.1 |
| Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities | 22.7 |
| Manufacture of basic iron and steel and of ferro-alloys | 23 |
| Trade of gas through mains | 23 |
| Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery n.e.c. | 23.2 |
| Building of ships and floating structures | 23.4 |
| Book publishing | 23.5 |
| Processing and preserving of poultry meat | 23.7 |
| Installation of industrial machinery and equipment | 23.8 |
| Wholesale of meat and meat products | 23.8 |
| Manufacture of plastic plates; sheets; tubes and profiles | 24.3 |
| Processing and preserving of meat | 24.6 |
| Wholesale of radios and televisions; wholesale of electrical household appliances n.e.c. | 24.6 |
| Service activities incidental to water transportation | 24.9 |
| Motion picture production activities | 25.1 |
| Public relations and communications activities | 25.1 |
| Sports and recreation education | 25.1 |
| Television programming and broadcasting activities | 25.5 |
| Wholesale of wine; beer; spirits and other alcoholic beverages | 26.2 |
| Wholesale of metals and metal ores | 27.1 |
| Retail sale of electrical household appliances in specialised stores | 27.6 |
| Manufacture of prepared meals and dishes | 27.8 |
| Manufacture of other fabricated metal products n.e.c. | 28.2 |
| Library activities | 28.2 |
| Funeral and related activities | 28.6 |
| Specialists medical practice activities | 28.8 |
| Treatment and disposal of non-hazardous waste | 29.2 |
| Educational support services | 29.2 |
| Activities of professional membership organisations | 29.3 |
| Other retail sale of food in specialised stores | 29.4 |
| Production of meat and poultry meat products | 29.8 |
| Holiday centres and villages | 29.9 |
| Production of electricity | 30.3 |
| Wholesale of perfume and cosmetics | 30.7 |
| Artistic creation | 30.9 |
| Museums activities | 30.9 |
| Wireless telecommunications activities | 31.6 |
| Tour operator activities | 31.7 |
| Packaging activities | 32.1 |
| Security and commodity contracts dealing activities | 32.4 |
| Retail sale of meat and meat products in specialised stores | 32.6 |
| Repair of computers and peripheral equipment | 32.7 |
| Roofing activities | 33.2 |
| Washing and (dry-)cleaning of textile and fur products | 33.5 |
| Retail sale of newspapers and stationery in specialised stores | 33.7 |
| Manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations | 34.1 |
| Scaffold erection | 34.1 |
| Wholesale of fruit and vegetables | 34.5 |
| Publishing of consumer and business journals and periodicals | 34.5 |
| Post-secondary non-tertiary education | 35 |
| Financial intermediation not elsewhere classified | 35.3 |
| Motion picture; video and television programme production activities | 35.7 |
| Manufacture of other food products n.e.c. | 36.5 |
| Painting | 36.9 |
| Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts | 37 |
| Credit granting by non-deposit taking finance houses and other specialist consumer credit grantors | 37.2 |
| Manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies | 37.8 |
| Retail sale of automotive fuel in specialised stores | 38.4 |
| Other sports activities | 38.9 |
| Market research and public opinion polling | 39 |
| Financial management | 39.4 |
| Recreational vehicle parks; trailer parks and camping grounds | 39.9 |
| Wholesale of computers; computer peripheral equipment and software | 40 |
| Repair of machinery | 40.1 |
| Retail trade of motor vehicle parts and accessories | 40.6 |
| Wholesale of clothing and footwear | 40.6 |
| Renting and leasing of cars and light motor vehicles | 41.2 |
| Data processing; hosting and related activities | 41.7 |
| Retail sale of footwear in specialised stores | 41.9 |
| Water collection; treatment and supply | 42.3 |
| Fitness facilities | 42.3 |
| Manufacture of other furniture | 42.8 |
| Residential care activities for mental retardation; mental health and substance abuse | 42.9 |
| Retail sale of other second-hand goods in stores | 43 |
| Combined office administrative service activities | 43.2 |
| Renting and leasing of construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment | 43.7 |
| Retail sale of watches and jewellery in specialised stores | 43.8 |
| Regulation of and contribution to more efficient operation of businesses | 43.8 |
| Manufacture of builders ware of plastic | 44 |
| Manufacture of electronic instruments and appliances for measuring; checking; testing; navigation and other purposes; except industrial process control equipment | 44.2 |
| Other construction installation | 45.4 |
| Taxi operation | 45.7 |
| Life insurance | 46.1 |
| Other cleaning services n.e.c. | 46.4 |
| Renting and leasing of other machinery; equipment and tangible goods n.e.c | 47 |
| Compulsory social security activities | 47 |
| Manufacture of other plastic products | 48.1 |
| Technical testing and analysis | 48.6 |
| Construction of roads and motorways | 48.7 |
| Manufacture of metal structures and parts of structures | 49.7 |
| Other amusement and recreation activities n.e.c. | 50.2 |
| Manufacture of other builders’ carpentry and joinery | 50.3 |
| Wholesale of hardware; plumbing and heating equipment and supplies | 51.8 |
| Fire service activities | 52 |
| Performing arts | 52 |
| Sale of used cars and light goods motor vehicles | 52.2 |
| Distribution of electricity | 52.8 |
| Passenger rail transport; interurban | 54.8 |
| Wholesale of other household goods n.e.c. | 55.6 |
| Other activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding | 57.2 |
| Manufacture of other parts and accessories for motor vehicles and their engines | 57.4 |
| specialised design activities | 57.7 |
| Service activities incidental to air transportation | 58 |
| Travel agency activities | 58 |
| Other transportation support activities | 60.6 |
| Fund management activities | 60.6 |
| Retail sale of bread; cakes; flour confectionery and sugar confectionery in specialised stores | 61.2 |
| Other building completion and finishing | 63.5 |
| Scheduled passenger air transport | 64.2 |
| Non-life insurance | 64.6 |
| Retail sale of sports goods; fishing gear; camping goods; boats and bicycles | 66.1 |
| Medical nursing home activities | 66.2 |
| Wholesale of pharmaceutical goods | 68.2 |
| Activities of religious organisations | 68.5 |
| Retail sale by opticians | 69.9 |
| Wholesale trade of motor vehicle parts and accessories | 71.1 |
| Collection of non-hazardous waste | 72.4 |
| Engineering design activities for industrial process and production | 72.8 |
| Licensed clubs | 73.6 |
| Pre-primary education | 74.1 |
| Joinery installation | 74.7 |
| Service activities incidental to land transportation | 76.5 |
| Printing n.e.c. | 78 |
| Manufacture of bread; manufacture of fresh pastry goods and cakes | 79.4 |
| Manufacture of motor vehicles | 80.4 |
| Other passenger land transport | 81.1 |
| Non-specialised wholesale of food; beverages and tobacco | 81.4 |
| Other specialised construction activities n.e.c. | 82.2 |
| Other retail sale of new goods in specialised stores n.e.c. | 83.4 |
| Non-specialised wholesale trade | 83.7 |
| Veterinary activities | 84.5 |
| Retail sale of hardware; paints and glass in specialised stores | 85.1 |
| Retail sale of flowers; plants; seeds; fertilizers; pet animals and pet food in specialised stores | 85.1 |
| Gambling and betting activities | 85.1 |
| Activities of call centres | 85.3 |
| Manufacture of air and spacecraft and related machinery | 86.2 |
| Architectural activities | 88.8 |
| Engineering related scientific and technical consulting activities | 89 |
| Retail sale of furniture; lighting equipment and household articles n.e.c. in specialised stores | 89.1 |
| Landscape service activities | 90.3 |
| Justice and judicial activities | 92.1 |
| Other legal activities n.e.c. | 93.2 |
| Machining | 93.5 |
| Retail sale of cosmetic and toilet articles in specialised stores | 93.5 |
| Dispensing chemist in specialised stores | 95.1 |
| Other professional; scientific and technical activities n.e.c. | 96.4 |
| Other service activities n.e.c. | 98.1 |
| Dental practice activities | 99.7 |
| Development of building projects | 100.4 |
| Construction of commercial buildings | 100.5 |
| Regulation of the activities of providing health care; education; cultural services and other social services; excluding social security | 101.6 |
| Other urban; suburban or metropolitan area passenger land transport (not incl underground; metro and the like) | 102.1 |
| Other postal and courier activities (unlicensed carriers) | 103.5 |
| Advertising agencies | 105.4 |
| Activities of other membership organisations n.e.c. | 112 |
| Management of real estate on a fee or contract basis | 112.5 |
| Wholesale of other machinery and equipment | 116 |
| Renting and operating of Housing Association real estate | 116.7 |
| Activities of insurance agents and brokers | 120.3 |
| Construction of other civil engineering projects n.e.c. | 121.5 |
| Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet | 122.9 |
| Bookkeeping activities | 125.7 |
| Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering | 129.4 |
| Wholesale of wood; construction materials and sanitary equipment | 130.6 |
| Other information technology service activities | 135.1 |
| Event catering activities | 139.7 |
| Other food services activities | 139.9 |
| Postal activities under universal service obligation | 143.2 |
| Activities of sport clubs | 144.8 |
| Sale of new cars and light goods motor vehicles | 149.9 |
| Other telecommunications activities | 155.8 |
| Real estate agencies | 158.8 |
| Technical and vocational secondary education | 161.5 |
| Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation n.e.c. | 162.7 |
| Operation of sports facilities | 163.3 |
| Hairdressing and other beauty treatment | 177.6 |
| Other activities of employment placement agencies | 177.7 |
| Plumbing; heat and air-conditioning installation | 179.2 |
| Business and domestic software development | 180.6 |
| Residential nursing care activities | 185.4 |
| Other letting and operating of own or leased real estate | 188.5 |
| Combined facilities support activities | 189.9 |
| Private security activities | 196 |
| Child day-care activities | 207.8 |
| Take-away food shops and mobile food stands | 215.2 |
| Other retail sale in non-specialised stores | 218.5 |
| Other education n.e.c. | 218.8 |
| Electrical installation | 234.6 |
| General medical practice activities | 235.4 |
| Solicitors | 239 |
| Other residential care activities n.e.c. | 242.5 |
| Residential care activities for the elderly and disabled | 246.1 |
| Public order and safety activities | 249.6 |
| Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles | 258.8 |
| Accounting and auditing activities | 263.8 |
| Other engineering activities | 277.9 |
| Freight transport by road | 280.8 |
| Social work activities without accommodation for the elderly and disabled | 293.9 |
| Construction of domestic buildings | 297.2 |
| Activities of head offices | 297.9 |
| Operation of warehousing and storage facilities for land transport activities of division 49 | 314.9 |
| Retail sale of clothing in specialised stores | 328.8 |
| Banks | 337.4 |
| Other business support service activities n.e.c. | 342.7 |
| Unlicensed restaurants and cafes | 354.6 |
| General cleaning of buildings | 372 |
| Information technology consultancy activities | 399.1 |
| Hotels and similar accommodation | 405.5 |
| Other social work activities without accommodation n.e.c. | 416.7 |
| Business consultancy activities other than financial management | 441.1 |
| First-degree level higher education | 449.8 |
| Other human health activities | 452.9 |
| Public houses and bars | 453.1 |
| Licensed restaurants | 486.4 |
| General secondary education | 578.2 |
| General public administration activities | 674.9 |
| Temporary employment agency activities | 732.3 |
| Retail sale in non-specialised stores with food; beverages or tobacco predominating | 974.1 |
| Primary education | 1005.3 |
| Hospital activities | 1452.4 |
| Gathering of wild growing non-wood products | – |
| Mining of lignite | – |
| Mining of iron ores | – |
| Mining of uranium and thorium ores | – |
| Mining of other non-ferrous metal ores | – |
| Manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages | – |
| Manufacture of coke oven products | – |
| Space transport | – |
| Activities of agricultural holding companies | – |
| Pension funding | – |
| Mining of chemical and fertilizer minerals | * |
| Extraction and agglomeration of peat | * |
| Manufacture of pulp | * |
| Manufacture of paper and paperboard | * |
| Precious metals production | * |
| Processing of nuclear fuel | * |
| Manufacture of agricultural tractors | * |
| Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery | * |
| Striking of coins | * |
| Manufacture of imitation jewellery and related articles | * |
| Central banking | * |
| Building societies | * |
| Activities of unit trusts | * |
| Activities of property unit trusts | * |
| Foreign affairs | * |
| Defence activities | * |
Download this table:
State of the Archaeological Market and estimated size of the sector 2012-2019
In the years between Profiling the Profession 2012-13 and Profiling the Profession 2019-20, the ongoing State of the Archaeological Market (SAM) project gathered data each year from the development-led contractor and consultant sub-sectors. The annual growth of development-led archaeology (contractor and consultants) was estimated on the basis of returned data for the survey year and the previous year; where a respondent had provided total staff numbers for year X and year X-1, the difference was taken to represent growth (or contraction). Results were aggregated in each year – for example, in 2013-14, 30 organisations reported that they employed a total number of staff = 792.06, while at the time of PTP 2012-13, they had employed 769.24, an increase of 3.0%. This level of increase, 3.0%, was assumed to have applied across the whole development-led sub-sector, and so the estimated size of development-led archaeology in 2013-14 was then taken to be the total reported population for PTP 2012-13, multiplied by this calculated increase. This was then repeated for every SAM exercise from 2013-14 to 2018-19.
But – this was extrapolating for the whole sub-sector from only respondents that provided data for the number of staff they employed in both the survey year and the previous year. If an organisation had ceased trading, their data were not collected. And so increasing staff complements at growing, or new start companies were not being offset by figures from companies ceasing to trade. And so development-led archaeology was reported as employing more staff than it actually did as a sector. Furthermore, there was an assumption that this was organic growth, and mergers and acquisitions were not considered separately. So when one organisation acquired another, then this would show as growth even if the total number of jobs in the sector did not grow. This also contributed to over-counting. These errors were then compounded year on year.
The 2020 Profiling the Profession results have highlighted these issues. As such, the 2020 State of the Archaeological Market report has revised the estimated numbers between 2013 and 2019. The full details are published in that report and will be linked to from here when it is published.
Image Credit
Riding Court Farm Quarry, Datchet by Wessex Archaeology. From Flickr CC BY NC
Version control and change log
As a digital document we may update parts of this page in the future to account for corrections or the need for clarification. Please use the version when citing:
Version: 1.1
Change log:
Version 1.1 – changed out header image on request for one that is more H&S appropriate.
CREDITS
Title: Profiling the Profession
2020 Authors: Kenneth Aitchison, Poppy German and Doug Rocks-Macqueen
Published by: Landward Research Ltd
Version Date: 2021
ISBN: 978-0-9572452-8-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14333387
License: CC BY SA 4.0 for all text and figures. Header images are from different sources check image credits for their specific licensing.
2020 funders: Historic England, with support from Historic Environment Scotland, CIfA and FAME.
Questions about Profiling the Profession: enquiries@landward.eu